Map 7: Philadelphia

 Urban Plan of Ancient City of Philadelphia

© 2020 Dr. David E. Graves 

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Map 8: Laodicea

 Urban Plan of Ancient City of Laodicea

Based on the latest discoveries by Pamukkale University, University of Venice and Denizli University. 

• 1). Ephesus Gate
• 2). Hierapolis Gate
• 3). Syrian Gate and Byzantine Nymphaeum
• 4). Stadium
• 5). Gymnasium/Bath complex
• 6). Civic agora
• 7). Bouleuterion
• 8). Ephesus Porticos
• 9). N. Theater
• 10). W. Theater
• 11). Monumental passage
• 12). Roman Bridge on Ephesian Street
• 13). Water Tower I
• 14). East Baths
• 15). West Baths
• 16). Central Baths
• 17). Caracalla Nymphaeum
• 18). Temple A
• 19). North Church
• 20). SW Church
• 21). NW Church
• 22). Aphrodisian Gate
• 23). W agora, Temple and W. Nymphaeum
• 24). Water Tower II
• 25). Central agora
• 26). Byzantine walls
• 27). Nymphaeum A
• 28). Roman villa
• 29). N. Workshop
• 30). SW Temple
• 31). Round Pytaneion
• 32). NW Byzantine Gate
• 33). S. Nymphaeum
• 34). Laodicea Church
• 35). Nymphaeum B, latrine and water storage
• 36). Stadium Church; 37). E. Byzantine Nymphaeum
• 38). House A and street water distribution center
• 39). Asopos I–II
• 40). North state agora

Map of the modern area around Laodicea 

It indicates the location of ancient sites, the location of the existing and proposed aqueduct, and the thermal and cold springs. 

© 2020 Dr. David E. Graves 

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Map 6: Sardis

 Urban Plan of Ancient City of Sardis

• 1). Bath-Gymnasium
• 2). Synagogue
• 3). Byzantine Shops
• 4). Lydian Gate
• 5). Cybele Altar, Lydian Gold Refinery and Byzantine Churches
• 6). Temple of Artemis
• 7). Stadium
• 8). Theater
• 9). Temple of the Imperial Cult
• 10). Temple?
• 11). Temple?
• 12). Bath
• 13). Tower
• 14). Sanctuary of Demeter
• 15). Byzantine church
• 16). Terrace

Floor plan of the Bath-Gymnasium Complex at Sardis

• 1). Palaestra
• 2). Marble courtyard
• 3). Frigidarium
• 4). Tepidarium
• 5). Caldarium
• 6). Latrine
• 7). Synagogue
• 8). Forecourt
• 9). Twenty-seven Byzantine shops
• 10). Marble road

© 2020 Dr. David E. Graves 

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Map 4. Pergamum

 Plan of Ancient Pergamum Asclepeion

The Sanctuary of Asclepios Soter (lower tall)

• 1). Small theater
• 2). North Stoa
• 3). Small Library
• 4). Via Tecta, Colonnaded Sacred Way leading to the Acropolis
• 5). Propylaeum and Forecourt
• 6). Cult niche
• 7). Temple of Asclepius
• 8). Treatment center
• 9). Cryptopoticus, a vaulted underground tunnel
• 10). South Stoa
• 11). Latrines
• 12). Southwest Hall
• 13). West Stoa
• 14). Hellenistic temple and Sacred Spring
• 15 & 16). Incubation complex
• 17). Pool
• 18). Peristyle House

The Upper Tall

A model of the acropolis of the ancient Greek city of Pergamum, showing the situation in the second cent AD, by Hans Schleif (1902–1945). 

Wladyslaw Sojka Wikimedia Commons labelled by Dr. David E. Graves

• 1). Theater
• 2). Trajaneium
• 3). Arsenal Terrance
• 4). Barraks
• 5). Palace
• 6). Citadel Gate
• 7). Heroon
• 8). Library
• 9). Athena Temple
• 10). Altar of Zeus
• 11). Upper agora
• 12). Dionysius Temple
• 13). Stoa Terrace

© 2020 Dr. David E. Graves 

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Map 2: Ephesus

 Urban Plan of Ancient City of Ephesus

• 1). Harbour gate
• 2). Warehouses
• 3). Street of Arcadius
• 4). Harbour baths
• 5). Harbour gym
• 6). Xystol of the Harbour gym
• 7). Church of Mary
• 8). Stoa of the Olympieion
• 9). Temple of Hadrian Olympios
• 10). Macellum
• 11). Vedius gym
• 12). North gate
• 13). Stadium
• 14). Fountain
• 15). Theater Gym
• 16). Theater
• 17). Hall of Nero
• 18). Commercial agora
• 19). Sarapeion
• 20). Library of Celsus
• 21). Altar of Artemis
• 22). Hadrian’s gate
• 23). Latrine
• 24). Scholastikia baths
• 25). Temple of Hadrian
• 26). Heroon of Androklos and Arsinoë IV
• 27). Slope Houses
• 28). Fountain of Trajan
• 29). Temple of Domitian [Flavian Sebastoi]
• 30). State agora
• 31). Temple of Divius Julius and Deo Roma [Temple of Isis?]
• 32). Prytaneion
• 33). Peristyle
• 34). Odeon or Bouleuterion
• 35). Baslike Stao
• 36). Upper gym
• 37). East gym
• 38). Seven Sleepers
• 39). Kybele Sanctuary
• 40). Road to Artemision and Church of St. John

© 2020 Dr. David E. Graves 

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Map 1: Seven Churches

 Seven Churches & Asia Minor

© 2020 Dr. David E. Graves 

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Maps Index

 Maps

1. Seven Churches
2. Map of Ephesus (Rev 2:1–7)
3. Map of Smyrna (Rev 2:8–11). No map as ancient ruins encroached by modern city of Izmir.
4. Map of Pergamum (Rev 2:12–17)
5. Map of Thyatira (Rev 2:18–29). No map as ancient ruins encroached by modern city of Akhisar.
6. Map of Sardis (Rev 3:1–6)
7. Map of Philadelphia (Rev 3:7–13)
8. Map of Laodicea (Rev 3:14–22)

© 2020 Dr. David E. Graves 

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Figure 173

Kunsthistorisches Museum
(no. IX A 79)
Photograph by James Steakley, PD

Roman cameo of Gemma Augustea (AD 9–12). A depiction of Emperor Augustus and Dea Roma seated on a bisellium surrounded by goddesses and allegories.

 

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Figure 172

© 2017, David E. Graves, ECM

Special armchair of honor (poedria) at ground level in the theater of Priene, with profile in the form of lion’s paws

Figure 171

LACMA Los Angeles County Museum of Art
William Randolph Hearst Collection
(no. 50.33.14)
Photograph courtesy of © Museum Associates

The marble Lansdowne throne of Apollo (Roman late first cent.).

Figure 170

Archaeological Museum of Zaragoza, Spain
Photograph by Ecelan, PD

Reproduction of a triclinium (dining room, Lat. lectus triclinaris) with two couches (κλίνη, klinē) for reclining at meals (first cent. AD; see Fig. 91)

Figure 169

Photography by Dmitry Rozhkov, PD-art

Oil on Canvas painting of The Light of the World (Manchester version) by William Holman Hunt (1851–1856).

Figure 168

Allard Pierson Museum
Inv. No. APM 3422
Courtesy of Near EMPTiness

Roman bronze wine-strainer found near Nijmegen in the River Waal. First cent. AD, made possibly in Campania.

Figure 167

Photograph by Aldo Ardetti, PD

Thermopolium in Herculaneum. Most cities in Asia would have had a thermopolium where hot drinks could be purchased at stands along the street, such as were discovered at Herculaneum and Pompeii.

Figure 166

© The British Museum Exhibition
Photograph courtesy of Mary Beard

A bronze cylindical device (authepsa) for heating water to mix with wine (first cent. AD from Pompeii).

Figure 165

© 2017, David E. Graves, ECM

Hierapolis’ (modern Pamukkale, Turkey) travertine terrace pools formed by the mineral laden hot springs. The water not only provided a medical eye-salve, but also water for the city of Laodicea across the valley.

Figure 164

Photograph courtesy of © Mark Wilson

Column from Laodicea with an inscribed menorah with flames, a lulav to the left of the menorah, a shophar to the right, and above the menorah a cross.

Figure 163

© Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. (CNG).
(Photographs courtesy of www.cngcoins.com)

Medallion of Laodicea ad Lycum. Minted under Caracalla (AD 198–217). Obv.: AVTKAI MAVP ANT ONEINOCCEB, Bust of Caracalla, bearded laureate, draped and cuirassed. Rev.: EPIAILPIGR HTOC ACIAP LAODIKEWN NEWKORWN, Caracalla standing in a chariot driving four lions with heads turned back towards the Emperor, holding an eagle-tipped scepter in his left hand and Nike on a globe with a wreath and palm in his right hand. (BMC Phrygia 225).

Figure 162

© Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. (CNG).
(Photographs courtesy of www.cngcoins.com)

Medallion from Laodicea ad Lycum. Struck under Caracalla (AD 198–217). Obv.: AYT K M AYP ANTΩNEINOC. Caracalla bust laureate, draped and cuirassed bust of Caracalla (Year 88, AD 211–212). Rev.: ΛΑΟΔΙΚΕΩΝ ΝΕΩKOΡΩΝ TO ΠH three tetrastyle temples on a high podia; side-to-side 4 columns, left containing a statue of Caracalla (?), in the middle a four-column temple with the statue of Zeus with a scepter, and on the right a statue of Asclepius (SNGvA 2.3858).

Figure 161

© Classical Numismatic Group, Inc. (CNG).
(Photographs courtesy of www.cngcoins.com)

Coin from Laodicea ad Lycum. Minted under Caracalla (AD 198–217). Obv.: Ailios Pisoneinos, asiarch. ..ΑΙΛΩΣ ΠΙΣΟΝΕΙΝΚ ΑΡCΙΕΡ. Rev.: COΝΕWHC ΛΑΟΔΙΚΕΩΝ ΝΕΩKOΡΩΝ (Laodikeon Neōkoron). Tyche of Laodicea or winged Nemesis, standing holding a patera and scepter, and at her feet a small statue of Minerva. She is facing the neocorate, an octostyle temple of Laodicea, the temple of Laodicea, seen in three-quarters perspective, with a statue standing inside. (Mionnet 4.769).